Eat with people who eat a lot and you’ll probably eat more too
It can be challenging to maintain healthy eating habits during the holiday season, especially with the many parties and social gatherings that offer both good company and a variety of festive food and drinks.
A report published by psychology professors Peter Herman and Jane Polivy of the University of Toronto suggests a strong social component of overeating behaviors.
Rather than focusing on hunger and fullness in regulating food intake, in their model, eating is largely governed by the motive to avoid eating “excessively”, based on personal and situational norms.
Dieters impose a restrictive intake norm on themselves, but often violate the norm. Personal norms are individualized rules that people develop to help themselves decide how much is appropriate to eat in a given situation. Situational norms are derived from the eating situation itself; examples include portion size and social influence, which exert powerful effects on intake.
In other words, if an individual goes to a formal dinner party where no one else requests a second helping, they are more likely to skip one themselves, while if the same person goes to an all-you-can-eat buffet reception, they’re more likely to load up their plate a few times.
“It’s an insidious effect,” Herman says. “People are often rudderless in eating situations and they look to the activity of others, their own previous behaviour or other social cues to guide them and thereby consume more than they need. Frequently, eating occurs within what we have termed a zone of biological indifference, in which the individual is neither genuinely hungry nor genuinely sated. Without any particular biological reason to start, continue or stop eating, we are particularly vulnerable to socially based influences.”
“Socially based influences” would also include media and advertising, in which portion sizes have continued to increase and overconsumption is often encouraged.
Links:
- Anxious About Holiday Weight Gain? Don’t Look to Others for Social Clues, Study Shows (Medical News Today, December 17, 2005)
- Normative influences on food intake, C. Peter Herman and Jane Polivy, Physiology & Behavior, Volume 86, Issue 5, 15 December 2005
- Portion Distortion (Nutrition and Health News, November 30, 2005)
Tags: obesity, nutrition, health, diet, weight loss, weight management, holiday
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